Nevertheless, multicultural policy has been dominated by a culturalist philosophy in which linguistic and lifestyle (food, dress) diversity has been recognized more readily than have the structural economic difficulties of some immigrant groups. The ideology of assimilation permeated relations not only with the indigenous population but also with immigrants. After the invasion in 1788 by British colonists, the indigenous population was dominated by force. The "bush" mythology has continued to influence conceptions of the national character despite the fact that the population has always been concentrated in urban coastal centers. Other factors that have shaped the national culture include the early small female population relative to that of men, which is said to have laid the foundations for a widespread ideology of mateship. Until 1984 the national anthem was the British "God Save the Queen," but it was changed to "Advance Australia Fair" as part of a movement toward asserting greater separation from the legacy of the colonial power. Other major cities have a good system of commuter trains, buses, streetcars, and harbor ferries. The 10% GST is levied on most goods and services (with the exception of basic foods, education, health, and some other sectors). U.S. investment is particularly prominent in autos, new online casinos australia no deposit bonus petroleum and new online casinos australia no deposit bonus minerals development, agricultural machines, construction and earthmoving equipment, chemicals, food processing, and oil refining. In other areas, nonresidents, foreign-controlled businesses, and new online casinos australia no deposit bonus Australian companies in which foreign interests have a substantial shareholding, new online casinos australia no deposit bonus must notify the government before acquiring a substantial interest in an Australian company. Its social policies are driven by an aging population and declining birth rate. Australia is closely knit into the world economy and is an active middle power in world politics. The Australian population was 19,222,000 in 1999, spread across 7,713,364 square kilometers of land. At Federation, six states emerged out of the six colonies, and they retained the establishment of policy and funding for education. Although the probability of a major earthquake occurring during an individual trip is remote, earthquakes can and do occur. They must be accompanied by prescribed documents, including health certificates. Australia is served by a number of airlines including United which flies daily nonstop from the U.S. Australian authorities seized several major drug shipments. In January 2005, Australia's free-trade agreement with the United States that had been in the making for over a year became effective. John Howard declared, "We will decide who comes to this country and under what circumstances." The ALP criticized the government for this policy, which remained a major campaign issue. In the March 1996 elections, the ALP was unseated by a coalition of the Liberal Party and the National Party, who chose Liberal MP John Howard to be prime minister. The Australian Labour Party (ALP) returned to power in 1983, following a campaign in which such economic issues as unemployment and inflation predominated. The Liberal-National Party coalition swept back into power, where it remained until 1983. Hunting (or "shooting" as it is called in Australia) of ducks, birds, and some animals is possible in many areas. The broad range of different types of equipment makes it difficult to compare local and U.S. prices, but most sporting goods, including golf carts and tennis gear, are much cheaper in the U.S. Sports equipment of all kinds is available locally, including many well-known brands from England, Germany, Japan, and the U.S. Many American universities grant advanced standing to students who obtain the international baccalaureate. Most of the population is concentrated along the southeast coast of the country, in an arc running from the city of Brisbane to the city of Adelaide. The population of Australia was 19,169,083 as of July 2000, with a population density of about 2.4 people per square kilometer (6.19 people per square mile). The capital, Canberra, is lo cated in the southeast corner of the nation and lies ap proximately halfway between the 2 largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne. Australia is about the same size as the United States, not including Alaska. It is, however, facing significant issues in terms of retaining coherency between public policy and actual provision and new online casinos australia no deposit bonus social outcomes, issues which will remain with Australian education for years to come. Primary and secondary education are likely to see an increase in federal supervision of their activities, despite the fact that the legal responsibility lies with the states. This is a major challenge to a public provision system based on principles of geographical saturation. The Industry Commission advises the government on the setting of tariffs and other protective barriers needed to support Australian industry or to make it more competitive globally. Another government body, the Prices Surveillance Authority, identifies prices that are deemed excessive and establishes inquiries to determine if high prices result from anti-competitive or collusive company behavior. The Trade Practices Commission is concerned with price discrimination, resale price maintenance, new online casinos australia no deposit bonus misuse of market power, new online casinos australia no deposit bonus types of exclusive dealing, and anticompetitive agreements. Chief among these is the Trade Practices Commission, new online casinos australia no deposit bonus which has the responsibility of encouraging competition and preventing monopolization in any industry. Notable examples of this process include the partial privatization of the Commonwealth Bank, the national airline Qantas, and the telephone company Telstra. Australia does not generate or consume electricity from atomic power. The Bureau of Transport and Communication Economics found in 1996 that spending on infrastructure development will not likely exceed US$500 million over the next 20 years. The major areas were education, health care, urban planning and social services, with equality of opportunity in each the immediate aim and equality of outcomes as a recognized unreachable benchmark for different social groups. The Jena school in Germany was a regular stop on Australian tours abroad for educational ideas, those that also filtered into Australia through the medium of journals, and British domination of the book trade. The development of national standards is increasingly putting pressure on these regional variations and increasing cooperation between states at all levels. The role of public examinations, and the lack of a Catholic tertiary alternative, was a major element in uniting the various systems of education as they developed separate lives from 1880. Funding via denominational boards favored the majority Anglican population, and so re-enforced the status quo. The population of both colonies virtually tripled, creating movable towns of gold seekers, new online casinos australia no deposit bonus domestic demand for foodstuffs and building materials, and new infrastructure, including schools and Mechanics Institutes. Most education suffered from lack of funds and population, competition between church systems in a small market, economic cycles, and popular neglect of educational priorities.